Sure. Violin (/cello /upright bass) makers have done it for ages with low-end instruments, for the fingerboard they use "ebonized" maple.
Rickenbacker did enameled freboards on their 4003SPC models - Blackstar, Tuxedo and Redneck, matching the color of the body (black, white or red). Traditionally Rics have bubinga (african rosewood) fretboards, but rosewood is open-pore and for the enameled boards they needed close-pore wood, so they used maple.